Location found

While the photo is most commonly identified with Tokyo, it is visually similar to scenes from Japanese-run factories in colonial Korea. During World War II, Japan operated major arsenals in Korea, such as the Incheon Army Arsenal, and extensively used conscripted Korean labor, including women. The workers are of East Asian descent, and without definitive markings, distinguishing between Japanese and Korean workers in a Japanese-operated facility from this era is difficult based solely on the image. This remains a plausible, though less cited, alternative.

Another possibility is a Japanese-controlled factory in the puppet state of Manchukuo (Manchuria). The Mukden Arsenal (now in Shenyang) was one of the largest in Asia and was under Japanese control during this period, utilizing Chinese labor for war production. The scene of East Asian women working on an ammunition assembly line is consistent with the activities at such a facility. This is a viable historical context, although this specific photograph is not typically associated with the Mukden Arsenal.